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Monthly Archives: September 2013

Gotham turns out for Admiral Dewey

30 Monday Sep 2013

Posted by Keith Muchowski in Memory, New York City, Spanish-American War, Theodore Roosevelt Jr (President)

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One of the things that strikes a person when walking the canyon-like street of Lower Manhattan are the sidewalk plaques commemorating the ticker-tape parades held over the years. Such parades stretch back well into the nineteenth century. Ticker-tape itself is a thing of the past, but such parades are still very much a part of present day New York City life. They are held, for instance, when the Yankees win the World Series. I remember being in New York City for the first time in June 1990 and witnessing the parade for Nelson Mandela. Those who know the War of the Rebellion know the importance parades played in the history and remembrance of the conflict. The Grand Review of the Armies in May 1865 put an exclamation point on the Federal victory, emphasizing that the war was over  and the Union preserved. Twenty years later, in 1885, Winfield Scott Hancock, working from Governors Island, quite consciously organized General Grant’s funeral to serve the reconciliation cause. That is why Confederate generals Simon Bolivar Buckner and Joseph Johnston served as pallbearers along with William Tecumseh Sherman and Philip Sheridan.

30 September 1899

30 September 1899

Today, 30 September, marks another of the landmark New York City parades, even if no one remembers it anymore: it was one this day 114 years ago that the masses turned out to salute Admiral George Dewey after his victory at the the Battle of Manila Bay. Masses is the correct word; a full two million people lined the streets to pay their respects. It was not just New Yorkers either; as the stereograph above shows people came from across the country. John Philip Sousa’s band led the procession.

Teddy Roosevelt understood the importance of these types of gatherings. He had, after all, witnessed Lincoln’s funeral procession from his bedroom window as a young boy. Dewey’s most prominent admirer was the Rough Rider himself. Teddy had ridden the popularity he had earned on San Juan Hill the year before all the way to the governors mansion in Albany. Roosevelt had good reason to be in Manhattan for Dewey’s moment in the sun; it was his machinations as Assistant Secretary of the Navy that had put Dewey in charge of the Asiatic Squadron to begin with. Admiral Dewey, aboard the Olympia, unexpectedly arrived in New York City two days early, and was left to cool his heels on the ship, which he seems to have taken in stride. It was a Who’s Who of prominent military men, including Wesley Merritt and Nelson Miles. For whatever reason the Grand Army of the Republic did not officially send a contingent, though Oliver O. Howard did organize a few thousand old soldiers, including members of Duryea’s Zouaves, to march.

These are the types of stories I am looking forward to telling when I start at the Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace in October.

(image/NYPL)

Governors Island: The final weekend

27 Friday Sep 2013

Posted by Keith Muchowski in Governors Island, Theodore Roosevelt Jr (President), Theodore Roosevelt Sr (Father)

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Fort Jay, Summer 2013

Fort Jay, Summer 2013

If you wanted to visit Governors Island this summer but never did, this weekend is your last chance. Sunday is the last day of the season. It could not be a better weekend to be outside either.

People have been asking me what I will be doing once the season ends. Well, starting in late October, after a few weeks R&R, I will start volunteering at the Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site in Manhattan. This is something I am excited about. Last year I sat idle during the off-season, and seven months without the privilege of providing Interpretation to the public was too long. This will give me the opportunity to engage in public history year round.

It happened by chance. This past February I ventured to the Roosevelt birthplace (TRB) in preparation for my June talk at the New York History conference in Cooperstown. I was talking about the role Theodore Sr (Teddy’s father), William E. Dodge Jr, and their associates played in the Union war effort in the Civil War. When I walked in, I glanced to the information desk on the left–and saw a friend from Ellis Island behind the counter. He and the rest of the Interpretive staff from Ellis Island had been farmed out to the various Manhattan sites after Hurricane Sandy. As you might imagine, I was quite surprised and pleased to see him. Ranger Sam is a special guy and a National Park Service treasure. To make a story short, he encouraged me to come to TRB after the summer ended at Governors Island. And so, that is what is happening.

It is a more seamless fit than it may seem. Both sites offer plenty of opportunities for creative Interp. My primary focus has always been the Civil War Era, with emphasis on era. I have always maintained that one cannot understand the Civil War without understanding what came before and after. At the TRB I will focus on many things, including the Roosevelts’ lives before the war, how they managed during the crisis, and what they did afterward during the Gilded Age. Theodore Sr was a great friend on John Hay. In fact, he was such good friends with Lincoln’s personal secretary that he had his correspondence delivered to the White House in Hay’s care. Hay, of course, would go on to become Secretary of State in the McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt (Jr) Administrations.

Wheeler, Wood, and Roosevelt (left to right, foreground) in camp, Tampa, Florida, 1898

Wheeler, Wood, and Roosevelt (left to right, foreground) in camp; Tampa, Florida, 1898

When Teddy Roosevelt fought in Cuba two of his superior officers were Leonard Wood and Joseph Wheeler. Yes, the Joseph Wheeler who had fought for the Confederacy decades earlier. Wood and Wheeler both served at Governors Island during various points in their careers. Now, in 1898, he was giving the politically astute but militarily inexperienced Roosevelt guidance as went up San Juan Hill. When the war ended, the Treaty of paris ending the conflict was negated by . . . John Hay. In October 1900 Wheeler himself was back on Governors Island, helping William E. Dodge Jr dedicate the YMCA on the island. These are the types of connections I am hoping to make at the Teddy Roosevelt Birthplace. I think it is going to be a great fall.

(bottom image/National Archives)

One Tuesday evening . . .

24 Tuesday Sep 2013

Posted by Keith Muchowski in Genealogy, Media and Web 2.0

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I just got back from the SOHO Apple store, where I took a One-to-One session on how to use my new iPhone 5S. I am not the type to run out and buy the latest thing just to have it, but the Hayfoot especially need a new phone. I got them early Friday morning and am now realizing how fortunate I was to get them when I did, especially with the her coming home for the weekend and going back to DC today. It was almost too easy; I was in and out of the store in all of 45 minutes, counting the brief wait outside the store. This is my first iPhone and am trying to make the most of it, especially for the blog. I want to take better photos and incorporate sounds and video into my oeuvre. I am really excited about the phone but must say it was a little sad retiring my old flip phone, which was so old but served me so well for so many years. Putting it in the drawer felt like a betrayal.

Five generations of my father's family in a nutshell

Five generations of my father’s family in a nutshell

Over the weekend I received the above worksheets from a relative of mine who I have never met but contacted recently to see what information he might have about our family history. I knew who he was because a mutual relative. To be precise, my grandmother was his aunt. He, his brothers, my dad and his brothers grew up in Boston together in the 1940s-1960s. This information is a coup for me; not only does it corroborate some of the work I have already done, it adds a great deal I did not know. This is information that even my father did not know. I am sure of that because he would have shared it with me when we sat down in the late 1990s and hashed out the family tree to the best of his knowledge a few years before he died. Now I am trying to flesh out the details of this new stuff I have. It is my goal to become a professional-level genealogist and learn about standards, levels of proof, and that type of thing. Between this and what I received from an aunt on my mother’s side a few weeks back, I have got a lot of material to work with in the coming weeks. It is going to be a busy fall with this and everything else.

A Beautiful Way to Go

21 Saturday Sep 2013

Posted by Keith Muchowski in Museums, New York City

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Today, the last day of summer, I finally got a chance to see the Green-Wood Cemetery exhibit, A Beautiful Way Go, at the Museum of the City of New York. The exhibit ends in two weeks; if you are able to see it, I highly recommend.

Actress Laura Keene (1826-1873): Star of Our American Cousin, witness to Lincoln assassination, current resident of Green-Wood Cemetery

Actress Laura Keene (1826-1873): Star of Our American Cousin, witness to Lincoln assassination, current resident of Green-Wood Cemetery

This year marks Green-Wood’s 175th anniversary. The garden cemetery pre-dates Central and Prospect Parks, and was a template for the City Beautiful movement that came decades later during the Gilded Age. I have spent hundreds of hours in Green-Wood and can attest that it is one of the great historic treasures in the United States. Places like Green-Wood are interesting for many reasons, not least in what they tell us about nineteenth century travel and leisure. In the decade prior to the Civil War, 500,000 individuals visited Green-Wood every year to enjoy its bucolic scenery and take a break from the rapidly industrializing city. Three of the most visited places in New York State from 1850-1900 were Green-Wood, Niagara Falls, and, later, Grant’s Tomb.

At first I was underwhelmed because the exhibit space seemed rather small, just one room and not a big one at that. I quickly realized that, though compact, the show contains a great deal, especially for the patient museum goer willing to put in the work. There is a lot to take in. With so much to choose from–there are over half a million people buried in Green-Wood–the curators selected a representative cross-section of artists, industrialists, inventors, politicians, and military figures. I have seen a number of the Civil War generals buried in Green-Wood (Henry Halleck, Fitz John Porter, and Abram Duryée, to name a few), but I did not know until today that there are more CW generals buried at Green-Wood than anywhere else except Arlington and West Point.

I had read very little of this show and so did not know what to expect. One of the things that makes it work is that it combines the resources of both Green-Wood Cemetery and the Museum of the City of New York, which itself dates to 1923. Thus, one not only learns that Louis Comfort Tiffany is buried at Green-Wood, one sees Tiffany items from the MCNY collection on display in the same exhibit case. Exhibiting keys from some of the  mausoleums–and, yes, they were the old-fashioned skeleton ones–was a nice touch. There were some expected names, such as Boss Tweed and Horace Greeley. The funnest, though, were the lesser figures such as pencil manufacturer Eberhard Faber and economist Henry George, all but forgotten today but famous enough for 100,000 people to show up for his 1897 funeral. It is one of those shows that makes you see things and make connections that you otherwise might not have made.

Go now and you will even see the leaves changing in Central Park across the street.

(image by Brady studio/Library of Congress)

Quote of the day

19 Thursday Sep 2013

Posted by Keith Muchowski in Joseph Roswell Hawley, Quote of the day

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We admire those who risk their lives in battle, but sometimes forget that patient endurance is as heroic as bravery in battle.

–Stephen W. Walkley Jr.; History of the Seventh Connecticut Volunteer Infantry, Hawley’s Brigade, Tenth Army Corps, 1861-1865

Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton

17 Tuesday Sep 2013

Posted by Keith Muchowski in Gettysburg, New York City

≈ 1 Comment

One of the most intriguing things about Lower Manhattan, at least to me, is its juxtaposition of the old, often very old, and the new. Judging by the photograph in the previous post, one could be forgiven for not grasping this. In the midst of all those skyscrapers, however, right there on tip in fact, is the St. Elizabeth Seton Shrine. From afar one cannot see it amidst the much taller buildings, but it is there. Here it is close up, as I took it last week. The skyscrapers are clearly visible behind it. All of this is right across the street from the Staten Island ferry.

Shrine of Saint Elizabeth Anne Seton, 7 State Street

Shrine of Saint Elizabeth Anne Seton, State Street, New York City

Saint Elizabeth was beatified by Pope John XXIII in 1963 and canonized in 1975. In fact, she was the first native born American so designated. Seton was born Elizabeth Ann Bailey in New York CIty in 1774 just prior to the American Revolution. Her family bounced around a great deal during and after the war, living in Pelham, Staten Island, and in different spots in Lower Manhattan. At one time they lived next to Alexander Hamilton at 27 Wall Street. (Hamilton is buried in nearby Trinity Church, in an unmarked grave. ) She and her husband even fêted George Washington, on his sixty-fifth birthday no less.

Legend has it that the structure above may have been a stop on the Underground Railroad, though evidence proving so has not surfaced. It was used for the Union War effort during the Civil War. Here is the plaque  on the exterior wall.

Watson House plaque

Many of these buildings were torn down in the mid-twentieth century to make way for office space. That is New York City for you.

Here are a few more details.

Seton hanging plaque

Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton

Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton

The story is more detailed than I am writing here, but Elizabeth ended up converting to Catholicism, moving to Maryland, and founding the Sisters of Charity of St. Joseph’s in Emmistburg in 1809 . She died there in 1824.

Those who know their Gettysburg Campaign may know where I am going with this. The First and Eleventh Corps both passed through Emmitsburg hurrying on their way to the battle. The Sisters of Charity, with other locals, gave assistance to the Army of the Potomac in the form of food, rest, and information about the surrounding area. Here is the view of the terrain.

View from St. Joseph's College and Mother Seton Shrine, Emmitsburg, MD

View from St. Joseph’s College and Mother Seton Shrine, Emmitsburg

One of the most touching vignettes about the Battle of Gettysburg is the death of General John Reynolds. Reynolds of course died on July 1st, killed instantly by a bullet to the head. Unbeknownst to his family until just after his death, Reynolds was secretly engaged to a woman named Kate Hewitt. He was even wearing something like an engagement ring, engraved “Dear Kate”, when he died. After his death, Kate Hewitt joined the Sisters of Charity in Emmitsburg but disappeared mysteriously three years after the war.

The Hayfoot and I had wanted to stop here for several years and finally did this past June during the 150th anniversary of the Gettysburg Campaign. Gettysburg itself is about 6-8 miles up the road. It is an incredible story on so many levels.

Saint Elizabeth Anne Seton's final resting place, St. Joseph’s Cemetery

Saint Elizabeth Anne Seton’s final resting place, St. Joseph’s Cemetery

(St. Joseph’s College image/Mike Rakoski, NPS)

Image

Pic of the day

15 Sunday Sep 2013

Manhattan from Governors Island ferry

Manhattan from Governors Island ferry

Posted by Keith Muchowski | Filed under Governors Island

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Sunday morning coffee

15 Sunday Sep 2013

Posted by Keith Muchowski in Beatles, Film, Sound, & Photography

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It is early Sunday. I am having my coffee and enjoying the quiet before heading off to Governors Island in a little bit. It is going to be a beautiful day, mid 70s and bright skies. You can feel that fall is around the corner. It will be a great day to be outside.

I got a chance to see Good Ol Freda this week. I would recommend the documentary to those who like the Beatles and want to watch a film that captures the excitement of Beatlemania. Ironically, the traits that made Freda such an important part of the Beatles’s inner circle–her tact, her loyalty, and sense of discretion–are what keep the film from being better. She was, and is, so loyal, that you don’t come away with much more than you already knew. Still, because I suspected as much going in, I cannot say I was surprised or disappointed with the film. If anything, it makes me admire her that much more. It’s no wonder the Beatles trusted her so implicitly. It would have been so easy for her to air the dirty laundry, and you have to admire her for not doing so. Like the Beatles at their best, Frida Kelly appeals to your better nature. Go see it if you can.

In the meantime, we will wait for Mark Lewisohn’s Tune In, which will be hitting bookstores in about six weeks. The pr machine is starting to kick into gear. I’ll let Mark Lewisohn explain. Enjoy your Sunday.

Thursday notes

12 Thursday Sep 2013

Posted by Keith Muchowski in Genealogy, Historiography, Libraries

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It has been a long week; the semester at the college where I work is now in full swing. My favorites are the ones just out high school who have zero idea of what is going on around them or what they should do. I see many shades of myself at that age in them.

I just got back from a professional development event at The Center for Jewish History in the city. It was about how archivists and librarians can use modern research methods in their own scholarship and in the services they provide to others. One of my things for this academic year is to think holistically in all my endeavors. I want my volunteering with the Park Service to incorporate research into the book I am writing. Likewise, the geneaology will help me learn more about both digital storage and retrieval systems, along with what I have been learning abut my family history. I am thinking about joining a genealogy society to better learn the in-and-outs of the field. I know a reasonable amount about census and military records already, but I want to become more knowledgable about their provenance and the hows and whys of their usage over time. The online genealogy services are great. It is a wonderful time to be doing such research, and I have no desire to go back. Still, we lose a little something just looking at, say, an old birth certificate online, divorced from its context in a county courthouse where it sat for decades. The accessibility is a huge plus, but a little of the magic is gone on the computer screen.

Speaking of genealogy, I scored a major coup yesterday when an aunt mailed me a set of old family trees written out by her uncle decades ago. I spent a good part of last night comparing his and my work, and was glad to see that we matched almost exactly. Looking at the pencil marks he made all those years ago, I could not help but be impressed by his diligence. He managed to go back 4-5 generations in some cases. It was humbling to think of how he did it. We don’t give the people of the past as much credit as they deserve.

Questions for Ranger Shelton Johnson

09 Monday Sep 2013

Posted by Keith Muchowski in Heritage tourism, Interviews, National Park Service

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Gloryland_frontcover

Over the weekend I had a discussion with someone concerning the Times article about African American attendance at National Parks. This, in turn, led to the topic of Ranger Shelton Johnson and the work he has done at Yosemite. So, here again is the interview I did with Ranger Johnson this past March.

Shelton Johnson’s Gloryland is one of the most meaningful books I have read in recent years. The novel tells the story of Elijah Yancy, a Buffalo Soldier serving in the U.S. Army at the turn of the twentieth century. The book is many things: a meditation on the importance of family and place, a reminder of the role that nature plays, or should play, in all of our lives, a treatise on the ironies and injustices of race in America, a thoughtful work of literature. If you have not read Gloryland, I recommend adding it to your reading list. Regular readers of this site may remember Ranger Johnson from the poignant short film The Way Home. He was also prominent in Ken Burns’s The National Parks: America’s Best Idea. Ranger Johnson has had a long and successful career with the NPS and currently serves at Yosemite National Park. Recently, he took time from his busy schedule to answer some question about his debut novel, his thoughts on Interpretation, and more.

The Strawfoot: The protagonist of your novel, Gloryland, is Sergeant Elijah Yancy. Tell us something about him. Where was he born and what was his family history?

Ranger Johnson: Elijah is the son of sharecroppers.  His mother and father were enslaved before emancipation.  He was born in Spartanburg, SC and raised there until he left forever as a young man.

His grandmother was Seminole. Relations between African and Native Americans may surprise some readers. Is this something readers comment on?

The fact that he had 2 grandmothers who were Seminole and Cherokee would not surprise African American readers.  There was a census done around 1900 that determined that roughly 1 out of every 3 African Americans had an Indian branch to their family tree.  Certain Indian cultures took in runaway slaves such as the Seminole, but also the Cherokee and the Choctaw. Consequently, many African Americans are also part Indian as a result of this history.  It’s just that you never hear about it in popular culture such as novels and movies, but Black people have known about this heritage for years.  My maternal grandparents are Black Cherokees from Oklahoma.

Elijah was born on Emancipation Day, January 1, 1863, and had an older brother killed at Fort Wagner during the Civil War. What were the experiences of African American soldiers in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries? Fighting Indians, Cubans, Filipinos, and other people of color must have have, to say the least, brought about mixed feelings in these men. Is this something they discussed privately amongst themselves, or shared in letters to friends and loved ones back home?

This fact and the soldiers feelings about this “activity” was shared in their correspondence.  There’s a book that collects some of these reminiscences entitled, “Smoked Yankees and the Struggle for Empire” by Willard Gatewood.  In these letters you can hear how the buffalo soldiers felt about their struggle with the Filipino Insurrectos, men that were fighting for their own freedom from the Spanish, and then the U.S.  They were definitely aware of the irony! Some of these soldiers just concentrated on doing their duty.  Period. But others were conflicted, most notably David Fagan who deserted from the American forces and joined with the Filipino people and their struggle for independence.  Some of the Buffalo Soldiers stayed on in the Philippines after the war, married, and became part of the culture.  There was even a call for African Americans to move to the Philippines because life there was so much better than life at the time in any part of the South…

You have spoken to many descendants of Buffalo Soldiers over the years. Yancy himself is telling his story thirty years after his military service ended. Were the stories these men had to tell passed on from one generation to the next, or is it something that has only come to light in recent decades?

I haven’t spoken to many descendants, but I have spoken to a few.  These stories/contributions were passed on from family member to family member, generation to generation.  They weren’t in the history books but they were shared in the homes of hundreds of families…

What was it like working as a Buffalo Soldier in Yosemite National Park in 1903? Why were they there and what duties did they perform?

It was hard work, but a soldier was used to hard work!  It was also a “dream” job so to speak.  One officer referred to service in Yosemite as “the Cavalryman’s Paradise!”  Their duties weren’t that different from today’s Wilderness Ranger, i.e. long patrols, enforcement of park rules and regulations, basically providing a presence of authority, that the park was being taken care of…

Shelton_JohnsonYou grew up in Detroit, but also spent time in Europe and elsewhere because your father was in the Army. What was it like living in these places?

I was very young at the time so my memories are vivid but limited!  I went to Kindergarten in Germany and first grade in England, but those memories became very important once I returned to Detroit because they provided an imaginative alternative to the inner city environment that was my home for many years.  Most of my friends in Detroit had never been overseas let alone lived overseas.  It made it easier for me to imagine life in a place that was different…

How did you eventually come to work for the National Park Service and what inspired you to do so?

I was a student in the University of Michigan’s Master of Fine Arts Program in Creative Writing.  My emphasis was poetry.  I decided to take a job as a dishwasher in Yellowstone National Park. I did this because I grew up in Detroit watching nature programs with my grandfather who used to fish on Mackinac Island.  I remember seeing many documentaries about Yellowstone and the other national parks but I had never visited a national park in this country.  I had been in the mountains before during the time my family lived in Germany.  We visited Berchtesgaden or Eagle’s Nest which was a former stronghold of Hitler during WWII.  It was also high in the Bavarian Alps and I never forgot the beauty of those snowy mountains…

Traditionally, African American attendance at National Parks, especially the nature parks, has been significantly lower than that of whites. One of your goals is to increase awareness of the National Parks within the African American community. What are some of the misconceptions Africans Americans, Latinos, and other minority groups have about Yellowstone, Yosemite, the Grand Canyon, and elsewhere?

I think it’s basically an unknown and with any unknown there’s a certain amount of fear.  Some African American are nervous about visiting ANY area where there are very few other African Americans.  You have to remember that there’s a history of violence against African Americans, and those cultural memories are alive and well.  There’s still fear of groups like the KKK and other supremacist organizations, and that results in fear and anxiety.  People don’t go on vacation to be fearful or anxious!  Consequently, some African Americans who briefly considered a trip to a national park, decide to go somewhere else because of this fear of the unknown.  But history can work in your favor too.  The knowledge that the Buffalo Soldiers once protected Yosemite and Sequoia can result in a feeling of ownership and pride rather than fear and that can lead to a trip back to the mountains.

Who, or what, would you say are your greatest intellectual influences?

Too many to list. I was a literature major!  John Keats, Langston Hughes, Shelley, Richard Wright, Shakespeare, Chaucer, St. John Perse, Cavafy, Anna Akmatova, Pablo Neruda, Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Aime Cesaire, and the list goes on!

You have a Literature background. What role, if any, has this played in your approach to Interpretation?

It has shaped everything in terms of structure and content with regard to my Interpretive programs, as well as my classical music background!

(images/top, Sierra Club; bottom, National Park Service)

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