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Category Archives: Theodore Roosevelt Jr (President)

Textiles and the Civil War

26 Saturday Jul 2014

Posted by Keith Muchowski in Governors Island, Museums, Theodore Roosevelt Jr (President)

≈ 3 Comments

Yesterday a friend and I visited the New-York Historical Society to see the exhibit about textiles and the Civil War. Textiles, in this case cotton, obviously were a major cause of the secession crisis and the war. The exhibit though went beyond cotton’s role in the conflict. Included were quilts, flags, housewives (hand stitched sewing kits), clothes, and other items. Among the most touching artifacts were swatches from the Jordan Marsh catalog in various textures and shades of black from which to make mourning clothes. Jordan Marsh is yet one more thing from my past that no longer exists but that is another story.

I do not know if this is true or not, but the exhibit states that there were no hidden messages within quilts for fugitives on the Underground Railroad. It’s funny how these types of stories get propagated and then never entirely go away. More than once I myself have readjusted what I say in tours and public talks after discovering a long-held assumption is false. One that comes to mind off the top of my head was that there was once a tax on having closets in one’s home.

It is an extraordinarily thoughtful show and runs through August 24.

One thing that caught my eye was this little Zouave uniform made for a little boy. The reason it stuck out, besides the fact that it is beautiful is because little Theodore Roosevelt had one that was similar. (See it here.)

similar Zouave uniform on display at the New-York Historical Society

a girl’s dress and little boy’s Zouave uniform on display at the New-York Historical Society

Speaking of the New-York Historical Society keep in mind that the museum has an exhibit about New York City and the Civil War running through September 28 in Building 18 on Governors Island. I still have yet to check this out. There is still two months to go in the Governors Island season.

 

 

Memorial Day Monday

26 Monday May 2014

Posted by Keith Muchowski in Baseball, Memory, Theodore Roosevelt Jr (President)

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Over on the Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace Facebook page I posted something about President Roosevelt’s 1905 Memorial Day visit to Brooklyn to unveil the statue for General Slocum. It is interesting to note that by 1905 Brooklyn was no longer an independent city but a borough within Greater New York. New York City was so big, though, that this was not the only commemoration going on that day; Manhattan held its own affair that ended at the Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Monument at 89th Street and Riverside Drive. Dan Sickles and Oliver Howard were just two of the dignitaries there.

Brief digression: Directly below the New York Times’s description of those 1905 festivities was Police Commissioner William McAdoo’s declaration that Sunday baseball was in fact legal.

Puck, 28 May 1913

Puck, 28 May 1913

In the third and final of our Memorial Day weekend posts we turn our attention to this Puck cover from 1913. This is so ripe for interpretive possibilities that I hesitate even to add my own words. All I will note is how much older the veterans are here. This would have been five weeks before the Gettysburg 50th reunion at which President Wilson spoke. So near and yet so far away . . .

I wish I could be at the Nationals game today but alas that turned out not to be possible. Happy Memorial Day.

(image/Library of Congress)

 

Sunday morning coffee

25 Sunday May 2014

Posted by Keith Muchowski in Memory, Theodore Roosevelt Jr (President)

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Good morning, all. I am sitting on our patio with a cup of coffee enjoying this beautiful day.

Today’s Puck cartoon comes from Decoration Day 1895. At this time Roosevelt had just taken over as one of New York City’s police commissioners. Before joining the NYPD he had been in Washington running the U.S. Civil Service Commission. In that capacity he tried to rid government service positions from cronyism. He was only partially successful.

"Army of Pensioners" Puck, 29 May 1895

“Army of Pensioners”
Puck, 29 May 1895

Two years into the second Grover Cleveland Administration the United States was mired in a terrible depression. Two of Uncle Sam’s biggest outlays during these lean times were for the Post Office, which Roosevelt had done his best to streamline, and Civil War pension benefits, which the uber-powerful Grand Army of the Republic veterans group protected fiercely and successfully. 1895 was just thirty short years after Appomattox. These veterans were moving from middle age into senior citizenship and their influence would hold sway for a good 15-20 more years.

(image/Library of Congress)

 

Memorial Day weekend 2014

24 Saturday May 2014

Posted by Keith Muchowski in Memory, Theodore Roosevelt Jr (President)

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One of the reasons the posting has been lighter over the past few months is because I have been doing a fair amount of writing for the Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace website and Facebook page. With the season now underway at Governors Island I will soon be doing the same there. One reason I love the TRB so much is that it offers so many interpretive possibilities. Far from feeling I have gotten away from the Civil War intellectually, I believe I am even more close to it. Senator William Seward of New York gave his “Irrepressible Conflict” speech on 25 October 1858 two days before Roosevelt’s birth. Teedie came into manhood in the 1870s and 1880s when the country was getting back on its feet.

I have something a little different for Memorial Day weekend. Between now and Monday I will be posting a few political cartoons from the era.

Puck magazine, 1899 May 31

Puck magazine,  31 May 1899

Sort of The Onion of its day, Puck put this on its cover the first Memorial Day after the Spanish-American War.

Both World Wars helped reunite the North and South. It is well known for instance that George Patton’s grandfather was a Confederate officer. Even though the Spanish-American War was shorter and required fewer men than these wars that came later, it had an even stronger and more immediate reconciliationist element.

For starters Civil War veterans fought in Cuba, which took place just thirty-five years after Vicksburg and Gettysburg. Confederate General Joseph Wheeler, a West Point graduate and veteran of Shiloh and Chickamauga among other battles, commanded the V Corps’s Dismounted Cavalry Division which included the Rough Rider regiment. General Fitzhugh Lee, nephew of Robert E. Lee, led the VII Corps.

By the time Puck put this on its cover Theodore Roosevelt had been back from the fighting in Cuba for nine months, feted around the country, and elected governor of New York.

(image/Library of Congress)

 

 

 

 

The unknown biography of a well-known photograph: a mystery solved

22 Thursday May 2014

Posted by Keith Muchowski in Libraries, Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace (NPS), Theodore Roosevelt Jr (President)

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Update: The week before last a few of us at the Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace got to talking about this photograph. That led me to do a little online digging. which in turn led me to this piece by Heather Cole, the Manuscrips/Curator of the Theodore Roosevelt Collection at Harvard’s Houghton Library. The photo is from a 1912 political cartoon that also featured William Howard Taft and Woodrow Wilson. Alas, Theodore indeed never rode the moose. It would have been a great story if real but the truth is the greatest story there is.

I reached out to Ms. Cole to share both my post below and the story of the conversation the rangers and I had at the TRB and she graciously returned my message. I’m glad she researched this and shared it on the Houghton Library blog.

I was searching for something in The Letters of Theodore Roosevelt this morning when I stumbled upon a photograph I have seen numerous times. I was startled because it was one of those things I had only seen online and had assumed to be a fake. Here it is as I snapped it on my cellphone, uncropped to emphasize that it came from his Letters.

IMG_0707

I was so surprised because although I have seen this photo a number of times it has always been online. What’s more, it is usually accompanied with a cheeky quote or comment pasted onto it. I have even posted it myself on the Facebook page. It seemed–and still seems–like one of those pics that seems to good to be real. One always semi-assumed that when one saw it.

This was not the internet however. Roosevelt’s Letters were edited in eight volumes for Harvard University Press in a early 1950s by a team of esteemed scholars. It has been in continuous print for sixty years. That would seem to have a little more cachet than just something one sees online.

Photoshopping obviously did not exist back in the day, but the manipulation of images is as old as the photography itself. I would love to know more about this photograph and whether it is indeed the real thing.

When Audrey Met Alice: an author interview, part 2

29 Tuesday Apr 2014

Posted by Keith Muchowski in Interviews, Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace (NPS), Theodore Roosevelt Jr (President), Writing

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Here is the second installment of the interview with Rebecca Behrens, author of When Audrey Met Alice. In case you missed yesterday’s segment, this just-releaed novel tells the story of first daughter Audrey Rhodes, who discovers the secret diary of Theodore Roosevelt’s teenage daughter Alice in the floorboards of her White House bedroom.

The Strawfoot: And your novel’s protagonist, Audrey Lee Rhodes, Tell us about her and her family.

Rebecca Behrens: After Audrey’s mother becomes the first female president of the United States, her family relocates from the Twin Cities to Washington. Her father takes on the role of “First Gentleman” as well as maintaining her career in scientific research at a university. Unlike Alice Roosevelt, Audrey is an only child, and a few years younger than Alice was during her time at the White House. But Audrey still forms a real connection with Alice by reading the diary entries—their emotional experiences of living in the White House and being the children of important politicians is similar, despite the century separating them.

You visited the Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace with your parents, both of whom knew a fair amount about the twenty-sixth president. Did they inspire your interest in history?

Alice Roosevelt as she was in 1902

Alice Roosevelt as she was in 1902

Absolutely! I was very lucky to be raised by two history-loving parents. We were also a family that enjoyed travel, and our road trips always included stops at historic sites. Specifically, interest in Theodore Roosevelt runs in my family—my great-grandfather was present at the famous speech TR gave in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, right after having been shot in an assassination attempt. My father has done a lot of reading and independent research on the Roosevelts (and has visited almost all of the Roosevelt NPS and NHS sites, from the Inaugural Site in Buffalo to Sagamore Hill on Long Island to Theodore Roosevelt National Park in North Dakota). I first learned about Alice from my dad’s Roosevelt stories. I found her fascinating and decided I needed to find a way to write about her, one day.

What other historic sites, especially Roosevelt sites, have you visited?

I’ve visited Sagamore Hill and Youngs Memorial Cemetery in Oyster Bay, and I’ve spent time in Washington, DC, although I need to look up Alice’s house there. I also unknowingly visited where Alice’s Auntie Bye (TR’s sister Bamie/Anna Roosevelt Cowles) lived in New York City, at what once was 689 Madison Ave and 62nd Street. It was while I taking a walk and stopped for a break at that very intersection that I came up with the initial idea for the plot of When Audrey Met Alice. Later I found out that not only was that a Roosevelt family site, but Alice spent a fair amount of time there as a young person. Weird!

You are a children’s book editor. What advice might you have for aspiring writers?

I think that the most important qualities you need to be a writer are patience, dedication, and curiosity. Writing and publishing a book is a wonderful experience—but it’s also a long haul! Curiosity can lead you to a great concept, dedication is necessary to see it through, and patience is essential because writing is often slow, at all stages of the publishing process. I’m not a historian, so I had to work hard to try to do this setting and subject justice. But because I found the subject so fascinating, it was easy to keep trying.

Did your recent trip to the White House live up to expectations?

Absolutely! It was thrilling to be there in person. Looking out toward the Washington Monument from the inside of the South Lawn was a surreal, fantastic moment. My visit was also very useful in terms of improving the factual accuracy of my book. I got to experience visitor security firsthand, understand the scope of the space (I expected the lawn to feel larger and more exposed than it does), and soak up sensory details—like how the grounds smell and what ambient noise is around.

Where can people go to find out more about When Audrey Met Alice?

There is more information about the book as well as links to resources like an educator’s guide and an annotated version of Alice’s diary on my website, www.rebeccabehrens.com.

(image/Library of Congress)

 

When Audrey Met Alice: an author interview

28 Monday Apr 2014

Posted by Keith Muchowski in Interviews, Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace (NPS), Theodore Roosevelt Jr (President), Writing

≈ 1 Comment

Early this spring children’s book editor and first time author Rebecca Behrens visited the Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site. After the house tour she introduced herself and told me about her first novel. When Audrey Met Alice. I read the book recently and enjoyed it a great deal. Here is the first of a two part interview.

The Strawfoot: Your new book, When Audrey Met Alice, tells the story of Audrey Rhodes and her experiences as first daughter. What inspired you to write the novel?

When Audrey Met Alice final coverRebecca Behrens: The White House seems like such a serious, powerful place—but it’s both a historic site and a home, one where first kids can have tea parties, build tree houses, and play hide-and-seek. When I made that connection as a kid, after seeing photographs of the Kennedy children playing in the Oval Office, I became fascinated by the idea of families in the White House. After President Obama was elected in 2008, I wondered how the lives of his daughters would change as they headed to Washington. I imagined that there would be a lot of wonderful and exciting opportunities for them in the coming years—and probably some hardships, too. The idea of a “first daughter” feeling a little isolated and constrained stuck with me, and soon developed into Audrey’s character.

Audrey is thirteen and discovers the fictional diary of the very real Alice Roosevelt in the floorboards of her closet in the Yellow Bedroom. Alice was also a teenage first daughter, or FIDO. How did you research and write the diary?

author Rebecca Behrens

author Rebecca Behrens

Much of my research was done the old-fashioned way: heading to the public library and checking out lots and lots of books on Alice Roosevelt and White House life. I used many online resources, including official White House websites, the White House Historical Association, National Parks Service sites, newspaper archives, and unofficial pages that detail White House history. I also read fiction set around Alice’s time to get a feel for how language was used. And I looked up a lot of words in etymology dictionaries to try to figure out if they were ones Alice Roosevelt and her family might have used. To write the diary entries, I started by making a timeline of events and experiences during the real Alice’s life. Then I retold them in the fictional Alice’s voice. Occasionally, I even worked in a real quote from Alice or her father.

Alice was a teenager more than a century ago and yet her experiences were similar to young people’s of every generation, minus the White House bit. What advice do you think she might give to twenty-first century teens?

While researching Alice’s White House years, I was really struck by how universal many of her experiences and concerns were. I wasn’t expecting that! She worried about her looks, her friends, and her future—just like girls who weren’t the daughter of the president, and girls today. What made Alice very unique, though, was her brave (and, at the time, pretty unconventional) commitment to living authentically. She embraced the idea of doing things differently and being true to herself—even if that ruffled some feathers. I think her famous phrase, “eat up the world!” is a great message for teens today.

There were no paparazzi as we know them today during Alice’s time but in many ways she was one of the original modern celebrities. Describe the world she lived in.

There is a great line from one of Alice’s interviews: “Woe betide the girl who emerged from the conservatory at a dance with her hair slightly disheveled. As one’s hair tended to fall down at the best of times it was frightfully difficult trying to keep up appearances.” (Mrs. L: Conversations with Alice Roosevelt Longworth by Michael Teague, p. 66) Girls in her time period were subject to intense scrutiny about their appearances and activities. It’s interesting that while famous people today are subject to invasive paparazzi and a huge amount of attention online, there is much more protection for the first family’s privacy.

The media has an unofficial agreement to not report on the first daughters outside of official events and appearances. Alice, however, had “camera fiends” appearing on the White House doorstep to take her picture. Enormous crowds showed up at her public appearances. Newspapers reported breathlessly about her activities, including her dating life. And they reported a fair number of lies: like false stories about her getting engaged or dancing on a roof in her undergarments.

Tomorrow, part 2

The unknown biography of a well-known photograph

18 Friday Apr 2014

Posted by Keith Muchowski in Theodore Roosevelt Jr (President)

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I was searching for something in The Letters of Theodore Roosevelt this morning when I stumbled upon a photograph I have seen numerous times. I was startled because it was one of those things I had only seen online and had assumed to be a fake. Here it is as I snapped it on my cellphone, uncropped to emphasize that it came from his Letters.

IMG_0707

I was so surprised because although I have seen this photo a number of times it has always been online. What’s more, it is usually accompanied with a cheeky quote or comment pasted onto it. I have even posted it myself on the Facebook page. It seemed–and still seems–like one of those pics that seems to good to be real. One always semi-assumed that when one saw it.

This was not the internet however. Roosevelt’s Letters were edited in eight volumes for Harvard University Press in a early 1950s by a team of esteemed scholars. It has been in continuous print for sixty years. That would seem to have a little more cachet than just something one sees online.

Photoshopping obviously did not exist back in the day, but the manipulation of images is as old as the photography itself. I would love to know more about this photograph and whether it is indeed the real thing.

Uncle Bob

14 Monday Apr 2014

Posted by Keith Muchowski in Theodore Roosevelt Jr (President)

≈ 1 Comment

Theodore's uncle and neighbor, Robert B. Roosevelt

Theodore’s uncle and childhood neighbor, Robert B. Roosevelt

I was in the Manuscript Division at the Library of Congress earlier today looking at the Theodore Roosevelt Papers when I came across something fun. It was a letter that Theodore had written to his father’s brother, Robert Roosevelt. What was so neat about it was that the letter was of the “catch up” variety. Theodore, though now president, was sending off a quick missive the way one does with family. Today it would have been an email.

Theodore Roosevelt wrote well over 100,000 letters in his lifetime to people of all walks of life. Some of the letters Roosevelt wrote to his children over the years were written with the idea that they would be published some day. And indeed some of them were. The diaries of political figures are often written in this same way.

Roosevelt quick note, which he sent off in 1902 less than a year after becoming president if I remember correctly, was not in that spirit. It was just a note to “Uncle Bob” saying they would all have to get together and catch up when they all had the time. Coming across the letter 112 years was a brief break in the day.

(image/Library of Congress)

 

 

The demotion of General Wood

25 Tuesday Mar 2014

Posted by Keith Muchowski in Governors Island, Theodore Roosevelt Jr (President), WW1

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General Leonard Wood and New York City mayor John Purroy Mitchel inspecting troops in 1915

General Leonard Wood (right) and New York City’s preparationist mayor John Purroy Mitchel (top hat) inspecting troops outside New York City Hall in 1915.

Today marks one of the more dramatic, if lesser-noted, moments in the lead-up to American involvement in the Great War. It was on 25 March 1917 that General Leonard Wood sent acknowledgement of his relief of command of the Department of the East at Governors Island. Though not as well known as Truman’s sacking of MacArthur, Wood’s demotion was equally dramatic. It is probably lesser known because the United States joined the European fray just a month later and the carnage of the Western Front eclipsed the Wood imbroglio. How the war effort would have gone with Wood and not Pershing in command of the AEF is one of the great counterfactuals of World War One.

Wood had been Chief of the General Staff of the Army when President Wilson was inaugurated in March 1913. Some tried to get rid of the outspoken Wood then, but he managed to finish out his term. Afterward, he transferred to New York City where he commanded the powerful Department of the East from Governors Island.

Some of the Wood-Wilson tension came from Wood’s relationship with Theodore Roosevelt. After the Great War began in summer 1914 these two former commanders of the Rough Riders advocated for American preparedness. This ran counter to Wilson’s attempts at neutrality. Wood’s demotion was in part his fault. A former president could criticize the Administration; a current general cannot. Nonetheless, over the next few years Wood’s public statements became more strident and, well, public.

He was also part of the Plattsburg Camp Movement, the semi-official military preparedness experiment in which civilians were trained for military service. Roosevelt’s sons Ted and Archie both attended the 1915 Plattsburg camp. Wood was not easy to get along with. In a letter to his younger brother Archie, Ted Roosevelt later wrote that “Confidentially he give me a pain.”

When Theodore Roosevelt irked Wilson with a rousing Plattsburg speech Wood’s hand in the event was obvious. There were many other incidents over the years but the final straw for Wilson seems to have been a talk that Wood gave at New York City’s DeWitt Clinton High School on 14 March. After consulting with the Secretary of War the following week Wilson decided to make the move. It is revealing to note that his decision to demote Wood came after he decided to ask Congress for a declaration of war, which came in early April.

Wood’s demotion came in the form a division of the Eastern Department into three entities. Wood was given his choice and decided to take the command of the smaller Southeastern Department. Wood put on a brave face stating that “I am a good soldier, and go where I am sent.” The outcry was nonetheless immediate. Roosevelt was outraged, as was New York City mayor John P. Mitchel. Angry letters from Wood allies poured into the New York Times. In a show of support Wood was elected president of the Lincoln Memorial University Endowment Association the day after his demotion.

What would have happened if Leonard Wood had commanded in Europe instead of John Pershing is something we will never know.

(image/Library of Congress)

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